NAME?

Word or term used for identification by an external observer

Names of places (toponyms) on a road sign indicating their direction in Bali, Indonesia

A proper name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a form or category of things, or a unmarried matter, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified past a proper name is called its referent. A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific private homo. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper proper name (although that term has a philosophical significant equally well) and is, when consisting of only 1 word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "full general names". A name can be given to a person, identify, or thing; for instance, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can requite an element a name.

Etymology

The discussion name comes from Old English nama; cognate with Erstwhile German language (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Farsi نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.^[1] Outside Indo-European, it tin can be continued to Proto-Uralic *nime.

Naming conventions

A naming convention is a set up of agreed, stipulated, or by and large accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things.

Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some E Asian cultures information technology is mutual for one syllable in a two-syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a grandpa. In certain African cultures, such as in Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family name for his given proper noun. In other cultures, the name may include the identify of residence, or the identify of birth. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.

Major naming conventions include:

• Astronomical naming conventions
• In biological science, binomial nomenclature
• In chemical science, chemic classification
• In classics, Roman naming conventions
• In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
• In calculator networking, computer naming schemes
• Planetary nomenclature in planetary science
• In sciences mostly, systematic names for a variety of things

Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such equally a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car'south "decoration level" or "trim line" also: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, later the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.

Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the field of study area and and so a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.

Many numbers (e.thousand., bank accounts, authorities IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random merely have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Space Shuttle flight numbers, even phone numbers all take an internal convention.

Personal proper name

A signature is a person's ain handwritten proper noun

A personal proper noun is an identifying word or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated.^[2] In many countries, information technology is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (also called a given proper noun or commencement name) and a surname (likewise called a last proper noun or family name because information technology is shared by members of the same family unit).^[three] Some people accept two surnames, one inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and the Americas, the given name typically comes earlier the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes earlier the given name. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to accept her husband'southward surname when she gets married.

A common practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal proper noun is based on the given name of one'due south father. A less mutual practice in countries is matronym which ways that a component of a personal proper name is based on the given proper name of one's mother. In some East Asian cultures, it is traditional for given names to include a generation proper noun, a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation.

Eye names are also used by many people as a third identifier, and tin can be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a pop practice in the Us), and to perpetuate family names. The practice of using heart names dates back to ancient Rome, where information technology was common for members of the aristocracy to have a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family unit name, non exactly used the way centre names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual aspect or the specific branch of a person's family).^[four] Middle names eventually cruel out of utilise, but regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.^[4]

Besides first, middle, and last names, individuals may also have nicknames, aliases, or titles. Nicknames are informal names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used equally a brusk grade of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may choose to use an alias, or a fake name, instead of their real name, perhaps to protect or obscure their identity. People may also have titles designating their office in an institution or profession (members of royal families may use diverse terms such equally King, Queen, Knuckles, or Duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to the throne).^[three]

Names of names

In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are chosen andronyms (from Aboriginal Greek ἀνήρ / human being, and ὄνομα / proper noun),^[five] while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name).^[6]

Names of humans (anthroponyms)

Proper name of ...	Name of proper name
Total name of a person	Personal name
First name of a person	Given name
Family name	Surname
Residents of a locality	Demonym
Ethnic group	Ethnonym
Imitation or assumed name	Pseudonym
Pseudonym of an author	Pen proper name
Pseudonym of a performer	Stage name
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Names of non-human entities

Proper name of a...	Name of name
Any geographical object	Toponym
Body of water	Hydronym
Mountain or loma	Oronym
Region or state	Choronym
Whatever inhabited locality	Econym
Village	Comonym
Town or urban center	Astionym
Cosmic object	Cosmonym
Star	Astronym
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Make names

Developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to be highly-seasoned and marketable. The brand name is frequently a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.

Religious names

Ii charts from an Arabic re-create of the Secretum Secretorum for determining whether a person volition alive or die based on the numerical value of the patient's proper noun.

In the ancient world, particularly in the ancient nigh-east (Israel, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and human action, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity.^[7] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to utilize the proper proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, too equally the common agreement in aboriginal magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone'southward] proper noun". Past invoking a god or spirit past name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of phenomenon or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples merits to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus). This agreement passed into after religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give upwards its name, at which point the proper name may be used in a stern control which will drive the demon away.

Biblical names

In the Old Attestation, the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of proper name indicates a change of status. For instance, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" at the establishment of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven. This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which according to Roman Catholic teaching^[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the ability to take bounden actions.^[ix] Proper names are "saturated with pregnant".^[10]

Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at nascence that reflect something of significance or describe the course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace,^[11] and the king with that proper name was the first whose reign was without war.^[12] Also, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph also said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my male parent's family." Biblical Jewish people did not accept surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known every bit the child of their father. For case: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse (i Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this fashion of proper name is still used in Jewish religious rites.

Indian name

Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. Names are too influenced by religion and caste and may come from epics. India's population speaks a wide variety of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in India. This diversity makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences, several names beyond Southward and Southeast Asia are influenced past or adapted from Indian names or words.

For some Indians, their birth name is different from their official proper name; the birth name starts with a randomly selected proper name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person'south birth).

Many children are given three names, sometimes as a part of religious pedagogy.

Quranic names (Arabic names)

We can come across many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are the same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the aforementioned. There are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such as Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc.

Proper name utilise past animals

The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins^[13] and green-rumped parrotlets^[14] besides employ symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Private dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will answer even when in that location is no other data to clarify which dolphin is being referred to.

See also

• Chinese proper noun
• Man names
• Legal name
• List of adjectival forms of place names
• Proper name calling – a form of verbal abuse
• Names of God
• Numeral (linguistics)
• Onomastics – the study of proper names
• Popular cat names
• Title (publishing)

References

1. ^ "Online Etymology Lexicon". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-20 . ; The asterisk before a word indicates that information technology is a hypothetical structure, not an attested grade.
2. ^ "personal proper noun". Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
3. ^ ^{a b} "General words for names, and types of name". macmillandictionary.com. Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved xviii June 2018.
4. ^ ^{a b} Fabry, Merrill (August 16, 2016). "Now You Know: Why Practise Nosotros Have Eye Names?" (web article). Time.com. Time. Retrieved eighteen June 2018.
5. ^ Room 1996, p. vi.
6. ^ Barolini 2005, p. 91, 98.
7. ^ "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-xiv-019017-one
8. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, para 881: "The episcopal college and its head, the Pope" Archived 2010-09-06 at the Wayback Motorcar
9. ^ The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church by Gerard Mannion and Lewis South. Mudge (Jan thirty, 2008) ISBN 0415374200 page 235
10. ^ Baruch Hochman, Character in Literature (Cornell Academy Printing, 1985), 37.
11. ^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of the proper noun Solomon". Backside the Name . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
12. ^ "Solomon, the King". www.dawnbible.com . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
13. ^ "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Report Says". National Geographic News. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on November fourteen, 2006.
14. ^ Berg, Karl South.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack W. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus". Creature Behaviour. 81 (1): 241–248. doi:ten.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.012. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 42150361.

Sources

• Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan M. Ferrante. Tempe: Arizona Middle for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. ISBN9780866983372.
• Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. An Anthropology of Names and Naming (second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Fraser, Peter 1000. (2000). "Ethnics as Personal Names". Greek Personal Names: Their Value every bit Evidence (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–157.
• Roberts, Michael (2017). "The Semantics of Demonyms in English language". The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford: Oxford University Printing. pp. 205–220. ISBN978-0-nineteen-873672-ane.
• Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Printing. ISBN9780810831698.

Farther reading

• "Names" past Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names
• Pilcher, Jane (2017). "Names, Bodies and Identities". Sociology. 50 (4): 764–779. doi:10.1177/0038038515582157. S2CID 145136869.
• Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence, Proceedings of the British Academy (104), Oxford Academy Printing, 2000. ISBN 0-nineteen-726216-3
• Name and Form – from Sacred Texts Buddhism

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Name

Wikimedia Eatables has media related to names.

• Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford (over 35,000 published names)
• Behind The Proper name, The etymology of first names
• The Proper name Tradition In The Christian Civilization
• Kate Monk'south Onomastikon Names over the globe throughout the history
• "Name". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

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